Imijyi imwe n’imwe ku isi ikunda kurohama kurusha izindi kubera impamvu zitandukanye, zirimo ubutumburuke buke, ahantu h’inyanja, hamwe n’ahantu hashobora kwibasirwa n’umwuzure n’imvura nyinshi. Imihindagurikire y’ibihe bishonga by’urubura rwa polar nayo ihindura imiterere yikirere, harimo n’umuyaga ukaze cyane ku turere twahoze tutabangamiwe n’ibisanzwe. Uturere duhura n’ibura ry’ibiribwa n’indwara ziterwa n’amazi birababara cyane, amazi y’umwuzure atera kwangiza imyaka no gukwirakwiza indwara ku buryo bugaragara.
Nubwo imijyi myinshi ifite ibyago byo kurohama yiteguye kandi ihanga udushya dushyiraho ingamba zo gukingira nk’ingomero n’imigezi, igomba guhura n’ingaruka ziterwa n’ubushyuhe bukabije bw’isi ndetse n’ingaruka zabyo, harimo no kongera ibiza. Abahanga bavuga ko mu 2030 ibice by’iyi mijyi icyenda bizaba munsi y’amazi.
Umujyi wa Ho Chi Minh, muri Vietnam
Umuhanda wuzuye mu mujyi wa Ho Chi Minh. Abakene barababara cyane mugihe cyumwuzure kuko bahatirwa gukomeza ibikorwa byabo bya buri munsi nubwo ibintu bimeze
Umujyi ufite ibice bikikije Delta ya Mekong wugarijwe cyane n’umwuzure n’imvura yo mu turere dushyuha. Ahantu heza cyane habereye umugisha mukarere kateye imbere muri Vietnam hamwe n’ubuzima bw’abantu bushingiye k’ubuhinzi, ubu bigaragara ko ari ukugwa kwabo.
Abahanga mu bya siyansi bavuga ko bishoboka cyane ko uturere twinshi two mu burasirazuba dukikije uruzi rwa Mekong vuba aha tuzahindurwa bidashoboka kubera umwuzure n’umuyaga. Ahantu h’ibishanga kandi hubatswe cyane muri Thủ Thiêm hashobora kwibasirwa cyane n’amazi munsi y’amazi mbere ya 2030. Mu gihe umujyi wa Ho Chi Minh ushobora kurindwa igihe kirekire, ushobora kwangirika cyane mu gihe cy’imvura ikabije.
Kolkata mu b’Ubuhinde
Itsinda rishinzwe kurwanya ibiza ryakuyeho ibiti byaguye mu mihanda yuzuye ya Kolkata nyuma y’umuyaga ukabije wa Amphan mu 2020.
Umurwa mukuru munini wa Kolkata muri leta ya Bengal y’uburengerazuba bw’ Ubuhinde urimo guhura n’ibyago vuba. Uzwiho kwerekanwa rya Durga Pujo mbisi buri mwaka mu gihe cy’ibirori, hamwe n’abenegihugu na ba mukerarugendo bishimira uburambe budasanzwe. Ihuriro ry’umuco n’amateka ryabonye byose, kandi ryizihiza imigenzo mubuzima bwabo bwa buri munsi ntabwo ryiteguye gutungurwa. Byongeye kandi, abaturage bayo bakennye bashobora kwishingikiriza gusa ku bayobozi bashinzwe ubumenyi mu Buhinde kugira ngo babungabunge imibereho yabo gakondo, ndetse n’ubuzima bwabo bakumira ibiza nyabyo.
Ikibazo gitera imbere byihuse gishobora kubona umujyi ujya mbere ya 2030 kubera umwuzure mwinshi usa nkaho uza kandi ukangiza ibice byinshi bya Kolkata. Ibintu bituma abahanga ku isi hose bibaza niba hari ibice by’agahomamunwa by’imihindagurikire, mu bijyanye no kugabana umutungo, Igihugu. Abayobozi ba politiki bahangayitse bahura n’igitutu cyo gukurikirana no gutanga ibyemezo bikwiye kugira ngo bahindure imihindagurikire y’ikirere kandi guhindura ibintu.
New Orleans muri Amerika
Ikibanza cya Jackson cyuzuyemo umwuzure muri Quarter yubufaransa ya New Orleans nyuma yumuyaga
New Orleans, hamwe n’amateka yayo akomeye n’umuco utandukanye, irarohama kuri kimwe mu bipimo byihuta ku isi, hamwe n’ibice byihuse nka santimetero ebyiri ku mwaka. Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na NASA mu 2016 buteganya ko umujyi wose ushobora kurengerwa mu mpera z’ikinyejana. New Orleans yari hejuru y’inyanja 100% mugihe cyiterambere ryayo rya mbere muri 1800. Mu 1895, 5% bya New Orleans yarengewe munsi y’inyanja, na 30% muri 1935. Ubu, hejuru ya kimwe cya kabiri cy’ubugari bwayo munsi y’inyanja, hamwe n’ibice bya New Orleans byarengeje metero 15. Ibi bice byibasiwe cyane n’ibibazo, aho ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere zishobora kubiroha mu buryo budasubirwaho mu myaka iri imbere.
Ahantu h’umugezi wa delta harakomera cyane mu kwerekana umujyi utishoboye kugira ngo izamuka ry’inyanja n’umwuzure. Ibikorwa by’abantu byongera inshuro nyinshi imyuzure, harimo gucukura peteroli na gaze mu mujyi. New Orleans ifite gahunda izwi cyane y’imigezi ikomeza kugenda neza, cyane cyane agace gafite inyubako zitukura zikikije ikiyaga cya Maurepas mu majyaruguru n’ikiyaga cya Salvador n’ikiyaga gito mu majyepfo. Abahanga mu bya siyansi bavuga ko ibintu bidahwitse bizasaba umujyi guhora ukurikirana kandi ugakomeza muburyo bushya. Ibyago bigaragara ko byegereje cyane ku nyamaswa zo mu gasozi za Biloxi na Jean Lafitte, zimaze kurengerwa rwose.
Venice m’Ubutaliyani
Amaboko manini azamuka ava mu mazi kugira ngo ashyigikire Hoteli Ca ‘Sagredo, itangazo ry’ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere n’izamuka ry’inyanja
Umuyoboro uzwi cyane w’amazi ya Venise, ukundwa kandi ugahoraho na ba mukerarugendo babarirwa muri za miriyoni, bishoboka ko bidatinze umujyi utabishoboye. Umuntu agomba gusura indobo urutonde yerekeza ibiraro vuba, kuko bishobora kuba munsi y’isi ikinyejana gitaha. Umujyi mwiza wa Venise urimo kurohama hafi ya santimetero 0.08 (milimetero ebyiri) buri mwaka mu gihe uhura n’umwuzure usanzwe n’umuhengeri mwinshi. Mu mwaka wa 2018, Umujyi wa Lagoon wibasiwe n’umuyaga ukabije wateje umwuzure ukabije w’imyaka icumi, aho amazi menshi yabaye mu kinyejana cyakurikiyeho umwaka ukurikira. Muri 2019, 90% bya Venise byuzuyemo umwuzure, aho ibintu bibi byarushijeho kuba bibi kubera isuri ku nkombe no kuvoma amazi yo mu butaka.
Umujyi wasubije usimbuka umushinga wo kubaka inzitizi y’umwuzure, Mose, wakozwe mu myaka ya za 1980. Iyubakwa ryayo ryatangiye mu 2003, ritaruzura, rigizwe n’amarembo 78 yambukiranya inzira eshatu. Guverinoma kandi yafashe ingamba ziherutse kubuza kunyura mu mato manini y’ubwato anyura muri Venice kugira ngo hirindwe kwangirika kwa lagoon. Sisitemu iriho yo kwirinda umwuzure ifata Venise hejuru ariko bishoboka ko izagenda igorana kandi ihenze kuguma hejuru. Ingaruka zitaziguye z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere mu kuzamuka kw’inyanja, kurohama, hamwe n’umuvuduko mwinshi w’amazi ashobora kwibiza umujyi burundu, bisaba ingamba nyinshi zo kubarinda.
Ubushyuhe bukabije ku isi bugira ingaruka ku turere twose binyuze mu bihe by’ikirere bitateganijwe byangiza ibibazo biriho muri buri gihugu. Ihuriro ry’abahanga mu bya siyanse (UCS), igihugu kiringaniye ku isi, Malidiviya igizwe n’ibirwa bito 1200 bya korali bituwe na 540.000. Inyanja izatwara 77% by’ubutaka bwayo mugihe inyanja yayo yazamutse kuri metero 1.5 gusa (cm 45).
Ibi ni bimwe mu birwa bya Salomon byamaze kurengerwa n’inyanja
Muri pasifika, byibuze “ibirwa byo mu nyanja byibimera bitanu” byo mu birwa bya Salomo byarazimiye, hamwe nibindi bikurikira. Nk’uko bimeze ku rubuga rwa siyansi n’iterambere.
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